Ophthalmology Case Study

HISTORY
Patient is a 57-year-old male who states Saturday morning he woke up kind of with a click in his neck.  He took an aspirin.  It persisted and he took one of his Voltaren which he had not taken in a while, but he took it about a month ago for his knee, took 3 or 4 days' worth and it worked, so he has just had them around, but he said later in the day, stomach kind of felt full.  Sunday morning, did not feel that good.  He had a bowl of raisin bran.  He states throughout the day the stomach just kept somewhat tighter and full, like he just could not eat anymore and he was bloated.  He has a history of gallstones, which he has not had removed.  He turned down surgery and was just going to watch it.  He is just very fearful of anesthesia, but he said he said this is unlike his gallbladder attacks as he has had 2 or 3 of those.  He went riding around to gas up his car, just thinking that maybe getting up and moving around would help his stomach, kind of move everything.  He went back home because he felt too bad.  His wife went to the drugstore to get some Mylanta.  She called him about 6 o'clock, he had been throwing up blood and he had dark stools that she states smelled real bad and just felt bad, and he just threw up a lot of blood.  He presented to the emergency room with a GI bleed and was evaluated.  In the ER, his abdomen was tender.  He said they gave him some medication; looks like they gave him some fluids, Protonix, and Zofran and he said now he is pretty comfortable.  He said after he threw up a bottle of blood and everything kind of broke loose, he felt better.

PAST MEDICAL HISTORY
He has a history of esophageal ulcers.  He also has a history of squamous cell carcinoma of the lip in 1980.  He has had hypercalcemia in the past, but I think this is associated with alcohol which he used to be a heavy drinker for the last 5 or 6 years, but he has been abstinent for the last 13 months.  He went off to Life Recovery and he has done well.

ALLERGIES
He has no known allergies.

CURRENT MEDICATIONS
Include Zocor 40 milligrams a day.  I gave him some Voltaren 40 tablets on the 28 of May, and he states maybe took them 3 or 4 days; he still has a bunch left.  He had a nuclear stress test in January when he had one of his gallbladder attacks and it was normal.

FAMILY HISTORY
His mother deceased of small cell cancer of the lung and had gallbladder disease.  Dad is alive with dementia.  Sister also had her gallbladder out.

SOCIAL HISTORY
He has been married for 20 years.  He has 2 kids.  He has a 30 pack-year history plus of smoking.  He has been abstinent for 13 months from alcohol.  He owns a candy shop.

OBJECTIVE
GENERAL:  When I see the patient, he is lying in bed sleeping.  He feels much more comfortable.
ENT EXAM:  Basically unremarkable.  He has some ruddy changes in his face which have been chronic.
CHEST:  He has bilateral breath sounds with minimal rhonchi.
CARDIAC:  Revealed a regular rate and rhythm.
ABDOMEN:  He has positive bowel sounds.  He appears slightly distended, but he says he does not feel full at all and he has good bowel sounds now.  Pushing on his upper abdomen he is not hurting, suggested it just felt like a band across there, but nothing like his gallbladder attacks.
RECTAL:  In the ER was positive, so this was not repeated and he had black melenic stools.

White count on admission was 21,700 with a left shift.  H and H were 13.6 and 38.1.  He has O positive blood.  Amylase and lipase were normal.  INR was 1.1.  His electrolytes plus came back down, except for BUN and creatinine.  His hemoglobin has ______ down to 11 and 31.  This is probably a total of about 2 units of blood.

ASSESSMENT
1.            Gastrointestinal bleed, definitely upper gastrointestinal bleed, possibly lower gastrointestinal because it has started turning red in the lower part unless this is rapid transit.
2.            Hyperlipidemia, on Zocor.
3.            Cigarette abuse.
4.            Gallstones.
5.            Past history of heavy ethanol abuse, but it was for about 5 to 6 years, prior to that he was a social drinker and very minimal, but he has been abstinent for 13 months.

PLAN
At this time, I am going to get H and H q.6 h.  Consult ____________-.  EGD is in order.  We will also consider cholecystectomy while he is here.

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